Problems related to eating and eating are common inchildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are many reasons. Many people have health problems that make eating unpleasant or even painful. For others, the same hypersensitivity that makes an autistic child unable to tolerate loud noises or itchy fabric extends to certain food smells and textures.
Children with autism often have traits and behaviors that make eating difficult. It could be rigid rules about how food is put on a plate or difficulty switching (wanting things to be the same every time) meaning they are not keen on trying new foods.
The bottom line is that cravings and autism often go hand in hand. However, when a child with ASD rejects certain foods, refuses to try new foods, or simply does not eat enough, the underlying causes may not be the same as in normally developing children.
This article provides a plan for dealing with children with autism who are picky eaters. It explains the medical issues and characteristics that contribute to this behavior, and offers helpful strategies to encourage your child to try new foods and eat more.nutritionally balanced diet.
How autism can affect food
Many of the characteristics and behaviors common to children on the spectrum may play a role in what they eat and how much they eat. Children with ASD are also prone to certain health issues that can affect their appetite and tolerance to certain foods. It is worth being aware of all these possibilities to know what to focus on and treat or manage.
interoception
interoceptionis the clinical term for the ability to perceive the body's messages about what it needs, such as heat, fluids, and food. Research has shown that reduced interoception can affect an autistic person's ability to notice hunger cues.
For a child with ASD, this may mean their stomachs are empty and emptyblood sugar is lowbut they don't notice a rumbling stomach or low energy levels. Lack of interoception when it comes to hunger won't make your baby picky about what he eats, but it may play a role in why he doesn't seem interested in food.
sensory problems
Children with ASD who refuse to eat certain foods often do so because, for example, they find their smell or taste unpleasant.
Similarly, some children with autism can only eat foods that are white, for example, while others find green foods repulsive. Of course, it is known that all children, including neurotypical ones, prefer certain foods over others. But extreme sensitivity to smells, tastes, and textures is a hallmark of autism that may play a role in cravings.
Children on the autism spectrum often express a strong preference for foods that they feel in their mouths a certain way. Some people prefer soft or creamy foods like yogurt, soup, or ice cream; others need stimulation with crunchy food.
behavior problems
Certain ASD behaviors may be a factor in children with autism not eating enough. For example, many create strict rules and rituals about how they eat. For example, they may insist on eating in a certain order or refuse food that comes into contact with other food on their plate. If for some reason they feel compelled to break these rules, they may not eat at all.
Some children with autism tend to engage in dangerous or destructive behavior during meals. They may have tantrums and even throw cutlery if they feel pressured to put something new in their mouths. Or they may get up and run around the table instead of eating simply because they find it hard to sit still long enough to sit through a meal.
Healthy conditions
Children with autism are more likely to have a range of health problems that affect digestion. These conditions can make eating unpleasant and even painful. They can also affect your appetite and interest in eating.
A pediatric gastroenterologist can determine if a medical problem plays a role in your casechildren are picky eaters or refuse to eat. This may not be the only factor, but treatment should help. Some possible conditions for participation include:
- acid reflux: Stomach acids flush the back of the throat, causing chronic irritation and heartburn.
- ConstipationA child with constipation may feel too bloated and full to eat. Constipation in children with autism has been linked to a diet that doesn't have much variety, as well as some medications used to treat autism.
- Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): In this allergic condition, the esophagus becomes chronically inflamed, making it difficult for food to safely reach the stomach. Symptoms include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and difficulty swallowing.
- dysbiosis: This is a condition where healthy bacteria in the digestive tract or intestines are out of balance.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
This eating disorder is especially common in autism spectrum disorders. According toNational Association of Eating Disorders, ARFID is very similar to anorexia nervosa in that it involves restricting "the amount and/or types of food eaten, but unlike anorexia, ARFID does not involve any anxiety about body shape or size or fear of becoming fat."
ARFID is more extreme than picky or selective eating. It can prevent your baby from growing or developing properly and result in significantly low levels of essential nutrients. As with anorexia, ARFID can lead to life-threatening electrolyte imbalances and heart problems.
Delays in physical development
Onmusclesnecessary for biting, chewing and swallowing are often weak and underdeveloped in children with ASD. As a result, they may have difficulty handling certain foods, especially those that require a lot of chewing, such as meat.
Some signs that this may be the case for your baby include:
- takes a long time to eat
- Frequent choking or clearing of the throat while eating
- Drooling or letting food fall out of the mouth
- spit
If this describes how your child eats, or you notice other behaviors that make you think he's having difficulty biting, chewing, using his tongue to move food around his mouth, or swallowing, take him to a pediatric dentist for a full examination. . dental exam
A checkup may also reveal other problems that may be interfering with eating, such asubytki, tooth sensitivity, or an infection that makes eating uncomfortable.
Tips for taking your autistic child to the dentist
Impact of a restricted diet
Eating only a few specific foods, or not eating enough in general, can have health consequences for any child. Research shows that some of these are especially likely to occur in people with ASD.
Nutritional deficiencies are a common problem. Studies have shown that children with autism often do not get enough micronutrients, especially vitamins A, B1, B6, B12 and D. There is also evidence that children with ASD often do not get enough calcium, which, combined withlow level of vitamin Dcan affect the health of growing bones.
Obesityis another concern. Many children with ASD prefer foods high in fat and calories, such as chicken nuggets, hot dogs, pies, fries, pizza, ice cream and soft drinks, putting them at risk of becoming overweight or even obese.
Tips for trying new foods
To help your child with autism eat healthier and more varied foods, first address any health issues that may be affecting his or her choices or appetite. Once you do that, you can address other issues that may be affecting what and how they eat.
Introduce one food at a time: Don't overwhelm your child with more than one new food in one sitting or even in a week. Choose a food that you would like your child to learn to eat and serve it daily. It may be weeks before they see it, but the more often they are exposed to it, the less strange it will seem to them.
Choose new foods strategically: Your baby is more likely to try food similar to what he already likes. For example, fans of crispy cheese balls may be open to carrots. Children who only eat chicken nuggets will be more likely to try roasted or grilled chicken than salmon, for example, as it is a healthier protein.
Place new food strategically: Your baby may feel more comfortable if it is on a separate plate rather than directly on his plate.
Never try to get your child to eat something new by hiding it in other food. They won't learn to like it that way. More importantly, if they notice that you're adding cauliflower to mashed potatoes, for example, they may be suspicious of all foods.
Let tasting be an option, not an obligation: Let your child know the food is there if they want to try it, but they don't have to until it's ready. Again, be prepared for it to take days or even weeks.
Mix your favorite foods: Some children will be eager to try a new food if they are offered a favorite. Try telling your child that he can take a bite of his favorite macaroni and cheese in between each green pea he eats.
taste it yourself: Actually get the whole family involved. Your child is more likely to try new foods if they see parents, caregivers, siblings, and other people in the household eating them.
Tell a story about food.: Make up a story about a new food that focuses on how it can help your child become stronger, or features a favorite book or TV character eating and enjoying it.
Give lots of praise: When your baby finally bites off a new piece of food, make a big fuss out of it. It could be "Good job!" generally. Or you can be specific, like "I love the taste of these strawberries."
Consider nutritional therapy
If your best efforts aren't helping with your child's picky eating, you may need professional help. Ask your child's health care provider if they can recommend a nutritionist or nutritional therapy program in your area.
If your child is under 3 and receivesearly intervention servicesyou can incorporate nutritional therapy into your program.
summary
Children with autism are especially susceptible to picky eating and other behaviors that can affect their overall health and well-being. There are many reasons for this, including medical conditions that can keep your baby from feeling hungry, extreme sensitivity to certain smells and textures, and an unwillingness to break out of the box and try new things.
Parents can help their baby learn to eat and even enjoy a more varied diet by introducing new foods in a way that makes them comfortable. When that doesn't work, they may work with a nutritionist or nutritional therapy center.
A word from Verywell
There's no question about it: trying to get a child with autism to eat a healthy, varied diet can be a challenge. Remember that no matter how frustrated you are, your child is likely to be just as frustrated. However, if you bring the same love and patience to the table as you do with other aspects of your child's life, you should be able to steer your child away from a restricted, unhealthy diet to one that includes a wider range of healthy foods. and delicious. .
FAQs
What are 5 strategies that can be used to help support children with autism spectrum disorders? ›
- Support Routines and Transitions. Most children with autism are sensitive to abrupt changes in routine and will learn best in routine situations. ...
- Use Visual Cues. ...
- Use Special Interests as a Gateway to Teaching Skills. ...
- Incorporate Sensory Tools. ...
- Support social skills practice.
- Choose interesting activities with clear end points.
- Give effective instructions.
- Talk and play.
- Model tasks.
- Prepare your child for transitions.
- Strategies to help. Here are some ways in which people on the autism spectrum can organise and prioritise daily activities and tasks. ...
- Visual supports. ...
- Colour coding. ...
- Voice recording. ...
- Lists. ...
- Alarms and alerts. ...
- Task boxes, envelopes and files. ...
- Times of day, days of the week.
- Address him or her as you would any other adult, not a child. ...
- Avoid using words or phrases that are too familiar or personal. ...
- Say what you mean. ...
- Take time to listen. ...
- If you ask a question, wait for a response. ...
- Provide meaningful feedback.
Children with ASD thrive on predictability, and repetitive questions may be another expression of this preference. Sometimes it can be an attempt to communicate something that may be new or difficult to put into words. It can be a way to avoid questions or verbal exchanges that are outside of the child's comfort zone.
Why don't autistic kids answer to their name? ›They can't do it (yet) because no one has taught them in a way that makes sense to them. Won't do: At the same time, someone on the autism spectrum may not value social interactions and responses the way other people do. So he or she may lack the motivation to respond the way we expect.
What is the most effective intervention for autism? ›The most common developmental therapy for people with ASD is Speech and Language Therapy. Speech and Language Therapy helps to improve the person's understanding and use of speech and language.
What are the top three interventions for a child with autism? ›- Applied Behavioral Analysis. Applied behavioral analysis or ABA is a commonly used strategy with children with autism under five years old. ...
- Social Stories. ...
- Sign Language. ...
- Occupational Therapy. ...
- Floortime. ...
- Picture Exchange Communication System. ...
- Music Therapy.
In children and teenagers with high-functioning autism, this can present as a limited social circle, difficulty completing group work, or problems sharing toys and materials. Many people with ASD have sensory difficulties. Certain tastes, noises, smells, or feelings can be intolerable.
How do you calm an overstimulated autistic child? ›Provide a calming place with fidget toys, pillows, bean bag and a soft blanket. This can be as simple as a corner in a room or even a small area rug with calming items behind a teacher's desk. Make sure to practice going there so the child will identify it as a safe place.
What strategies should be given to autistic child? ›
- Build on your child's interests.
- Offer a predictable schedule.
- Teach tasks as a series of simple steps.
- Actively engage your child's attention in highly structured activities.
- Provide regular reinforcement of behavior.
- Involve the parents.
- Fix the environment, not the person. ...
- Learn about sensory differences. ...
- Sort out your own issues. ...
- Structure your life. ...
- Pick your battles with school. ...
- Speak to autistic adults.
- Give them some time - it can take a while to recover from information or sensory overload.
- Calmly ask them (or their parent or friend) if they're OK, but bear in mind they'll need more time to respond than you might expect.
- Make space - try to create a quiet, safe space as best you can.
High-functioning autism (HFA) is an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability, but may exhibit deficits in communication, emotion recognition and expression, and social interaction.
How do you calm an autistic meltdown? ›During a meltdown: what to do
Give your child space, don't touch them, and keep other people away. Turn down lights and keep things quiet, or give your child noise-cancelling headphones. Let one person speak to your child, but don't say too much. Stay calm and wait.
- Do what you can to eliminate or reduce the trigger, lower stress, and provide a calming environment.
- Try to stick to a routine for daily tasks.
- Encourage acceptable behaviors and self-control.
- Avoid punishing the behavior. ...
- Teach an alternate behavior that helps to meet the same needs.
Children with autism are often unaware of their behaviors and struggle with reading the body language of others. Yelling at a child with autism can cause chronic levels of stress in the child and is not helpful in working towards a solution or strategy for change.
What not to say to autistic kids? ›- “Don't worry, everyone's a little Autistic.” No. ...
- “You must be like Rainman or something.” Here we go again… not everyone on the spectrum is a genius. ...
- “Do you take medication for that?” This breaks my heart every time I hear it. ...
- “I have social issues too. ...
- “You seem so normal!
Asking for help leaves you vulnerable to the possibility of being rejected or invalidated. So often individuals who are not on the spectrum fail to understand the issues you're experiencing.
Does autism get better with age? ›Autism doesn't get worse with age, but certain symptoms can become more pronounced and problematic as the child grows older and is more challenged.
Does an autistic child understand the word no? ›
A child with Autism often cannot handle rejection well, and may break down, yell, hit, or demonstrate other inappropriate behavior. 'No' is also regarded as a word indicating some form of punishment, and may end up exacerbating the child's meltdown.
Why do autistic people not respond? ›Inability to read or respond to emotion – Feedback is important to the development of communication mechanisms, both verbal and non-verbal; because autistic children are unable to read emotional affect in others, they do not have the full range of perception to gauge and adjust their own communication skills.
Which celebrities have autism? ›- Temple Grandin. Grandin is definitely among the most famous people with autism. ...
- Susan Boyle. ...
- James Durbin. ...
- Daryl Hannah. ...
- Courtney Love. ...
- Dan Aykroyd. ...
- Tim Burton. ...
- Stanley Kubrick.
The WAI Method was created to assist in the development of children with autism, gathering diverse information about autism, teaching social skills and activities for cognitive and psychomotor development.
What are the newest treatments for autism? ›In a new study, a drug that blocks sodium channels was shown to curb autism-associated behaviors such as hyperactivity in mice. The drug, lamotrigine — sold under the brand name Lamictal among others — is a medication that is currently used to treat epilepsy and stabilize mood in bipolar disorder.
What happens if autism is not treated? ›Untreated autism causes changes in brain function that make it more difficult for the person to control impulsive behavior or think rationally about their actions before they act on them. This can lead to situations where ASD adults are unable to live alone and take care of themselves without assistance.
When is the best time for autism intervention? ›Early interventions occur at or before preschool age, as early as 2 or 3 years of age. In this period, a young child's brain is still forming,7 meaning it is more "plastic" or changeable than at older ages. Because of this plasticity, treatments have a better chance of being effective in the longer term.
What are the most comprehensive interventions for children with autism? ›Common autism treatments include behavior therapy, speech-language therapy, play-based therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and nutritional therapy. But keep in mind that the routine is important and the program should be designed in a way that can be sustained.
What can make autism worse? ›- 1 Stop getting enough sleep.
- 2 Keep your melatonin low.
- 3 Stay close to the Moon.
- 4 Use blue monochromatic lights.
- 5 Mess with the pineal gland.
- 6 Stay away from oxytocin.
- 7 Reduce myelin.
- 8 Stop walking.
Defining the Traits and Behaviors of Level 1 Autism
Difficulty switching between activities. Problems with executive functioning which hinder independence. Atypical response to others in social situations. Difficulty initiating social interactions and maintaining reciprocity in social interaction.
What are autistic hand gestures? ›
About stimming and autism
Stimming might include: hand and finger mannerisms – for example, finger-flicking and hand-flapping. unusual body movements – for example, rocking back and forth while sitting or standing. posturing – for example, holding hands or fingers out at an angle or arching the back while sitting.
Although your son's reaction sounds more severe than most, many people with autism struggle with a range of fears, phobias and worries. These can range from a debilitating fear of, say, spiders or the dark to chronic anxiety about making mistakes or being late.
What not to do during an autistic meltdown? ›Too much talking can draw out a severe autism meltdown, not stop it. Too much talking can be too much additional input and too many things to process. Other ways to calm a person in meltdown: give them time alone to let the meltdown run its course. Make sure you show them respect.
What are stressful situations for autism? ›Difficult social situations and sensory environments can increase stress and increase anxiety for autistic people. Another significant cause of anxiety is a sense of being misunderstood and/or not accepted by non-autistic people. To 'fit in' and not be seen as different, autistic people might mask or camouflage.
What Colours are calming for autism? ›Greens, blues, pinks, soft oranges and neutrals can be very comforting. Keeping the colors muted, these tones can quiet the mind and create calm.
What relaxes an autistic child? ›Find sensory tools that can comfort a child at times of stress. These may include squeezy toys, weighted blankets, a calming video or book, a swing set, or even a pet. If a meltdown occurs, allow your child the time and space to calm themselves down and learn to self-regulate.
How do you desensitize an autistic child? ›- Be empathetic. Empathy means listening and acknowledging their struggle without judgment. ...
- Make them feel safe and loved. ...
- Eliminate punishments. ...
- Focus on your child, not staring bystanders. ...
- Break out your sensory toolkit. ...
- Teach them coping strategies once they're calm.
Physical activity is also great for kids with autism — it can help improve their fitness, coordination, strength, and body awareness. Regular physical activity can help prevent childhood obesity. Exercise may also help decrease repetitive, self-stimulating behaviors and improve attention.
How do you empower an autistic child? ›- Putting inclusive values into action.
- Viewing every life and every death as of equal worth.
- Supporting everyone to feel that they belong.
- Increasing participation for children and adults in learning and teaching activities, relationships, and communities of local schools.
- Know that your child's autism is part of who they are. It doesn't make them any less valuable. ...
- Be aware of your child's sensory differences. ...
- Try to limit anxiety. ...
- Fill in the missing blanks. ...
- Value autistic traits.
What bothers an autistic person? ›
Many autistic people experience hypersensitivity to bright lights or certain light wavelengths (e.g., LED or fluorescent lights). Certain sounds, smells, textures and tastes can also be overwhelming. This can result in sensory avoidance – trying to get away from stimuli that most people can easily tune out.
How do you raise a high functioning autistic child? ›- Build rapport. Rapport is affinity. ...
- Increase social awareness. ...
- Examine communication. ...
- Teach calming strategies. ...
- Foster flexibility. ...
- Increase autism awareness. ...
- Network with other parents.
What does an 'autism meltdown' look like? Some signs that a loved one is having or nearing a meltdown may include: being irritable, which can include shouting or physical aggression. fidgeting or stimming more (repetitive movements or noises)
How do you deal with behavior problems with autism? ›- Reinforcing appropriate behaviors by rewarding them.
- Refusing to give in to the problem behavior by giving your child what he wants.
- Using visual supports to communicate rules.
- Starting with small, achievable goals to encourage success.
- anxiety.
- depression.
- extreme lethargy.
- inability to ask for help.
- memory issues.
- loss of words or selective mutism.
- reduced executive functioning (e.g., staying organized, making decisions)
- trouble bouncing back from daily tasks.
Since autism is less prevalent in females, autism was always thought to be passed down from the mother. However, research suggests that autism genes are usually inherited from the father.
What is the average life expectancy of a person with autism? ›Long-term research that involved following a group of individuals with autism for two decades indicates that the average life expectancy for some autistic people is about 39 years. Furthermore, this population generally succumbed to health complications about 20 years earlier than individuals who do not have autism.
What is a stubborn behavior of autism? ›It's common for autistic children to behave in challenging ways or ways that are difficult to manage. For example, autistic children and teenagers might: refuse or ignore requests. behave in socially inappropriate ways, like taking their clothes off in public.
How do you discipline an autistic? ›- Understand Their Behavior.
- Use Positive Reinforcement.
- Teach Self-Calming Techniques.
- Control Their Environment.
- Stick to Routines.
- Communicate Clearly.
- Ignore Harmless Behaviors.
- Put Safety First.
The model includes six phases: Calm, Triggers, Agitation, Meltdowns, Re-Grouping, and Starting Over.
What are the three stages of autism meltdown? ›
There are generally three stages to a meltdown; the build up, the meltdown/shutdown and recovery. This is also known as the anxiety and defensive stage. It usually consists of physical, verbal and behavioural signs.
Should you interrupt stimming? ›The short answer to “Should I stop my child from stimming?” is no. You don't want to stop it, as long as they're not harming themselves or another person. These behaviors are calming to the kids. You can, however, limit the stimming in some circumstances.
What is positive stimming? ›Stimming or self-stimulatory behaviors can help people cope with stressful situations and bring enjoyment. It is a common behavior pattern in autistic people and can often be wholly positive. These behaviors can vary between people and may include repetitive movements, humming, or moving objects.
Does ABA try to stop stimming? ›Start Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy
Work with the right resources and programming to effectively manage stimming.
If the child does not respond verbally, prompt him with “Use your words” or “You can say 'yes'”. If the child doesn't respond after that, offer some sort of tangible reinforcement for his verbal response (“If you want the cookie, you need to answer my question. Say 'yes'”).
Do autistic people struggle to answer questions? ›' is an open-ended question that many neurotypical people will answer without hesitation. However, questions with so many possible answers and interpretations can be challenging for people with autism to answer. Questions that are necessary and require a specific answer are much better.
How do you encourage an autistic child to communicate? ›- use your child's name so they know you're speaking to them.
- keep language simple and clear.
- speak slowly and clearly.
- use simple gestures, eye contact and pictures or symbols to support what you're saying.
- allow extra time for your child to understand what you have said.
You can help autistic children cooperate by setting limits, giving effective instructions and offering choices. Changing the environment might make it easier for autistic children to cooperate. Helping autistic children with social interaction and communications can encourage cooperation.